Radiation naturally occurs in our environment. It occurs in the air we breathe, our homes, our food, our bones and tissues, and in the earth. We are exposed to radiation when we watch television, when we sunbathe, and even during air travel.
For people who fear radiation, it may be comforting to know that almost 90% of radiation we receive is natural, and only 11% of our annual radiation exposure is man-made radiation, which is almost entirely as a result of medical diagnosis and treatment. This exposure has obvious benefits to society, and would not happen if the benefits did not outweigh the risks. Large doses of ionising radiation are used to kill tumours, kill bacteria in food, and sterilise medical equipment. Extremely high doses of radiation can, however, also cause cell damage, and a consequent breakdown in vital body functions. Radiation does not make our bodies radioactive, and it is possible for cells to recover naturally from radiation, depending of course, on the type, amount and length of exposure.
Background and man-made radiation are a minimal risk to general society. However, safety must be very carefully managed for those working in the mining and power-generating industries. Routine nuclear power-related activities, such as electricity generation, only amount to 0.006% of annual exposure, however, precautions need to be taken whilst mining and working with nuclear reactors.
For miners, the main radioactive hazard is from the minerals associated with uranium. Uranium minerals emit gamma radiation. Alpha radiation and radon gas escape into the area when the ore is mined and crushed. Mining and crushing creates dust when rock is broken up. Dust is controlled to prevent miners from inhaling radioactive particles. Therefore, dust control and ventilation is a high priority because radon gas is also emitted from the ore and poses a risk if breathed in. For miners, inhalation is a primary means of exposure to radiation.
Risk is minimised by:
- Ventilation.
- Face masks, and helmets with visors and airflow.
- Using remote controlled machinery so that the worker is removed from the radiation source.
- Dust control.
Over time, risks have been managed by mining company safety policies, standards and programs and with the on-going development of government codes and regulations.
Source: http://www.uraniumsa.org
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