There are several methods to measure radiation; hence, there are several radiation units based on different radiation factors. Radiation units can measure radioactive decay, absorbed dosage, and human absorbed doses. Bq and Ci measure radioactive decay, while Gy and Rad measures absorbed doses. Sv and Rem measure absorbed doses in Gy and Rad equivalents. Rem takes into account different radiation types and the speed of particles. Below is a chart to help organize the different units:
Units for Radioactive Decay
| Becquerel, Bq | Measured in s-1, as disintegration per second |
| Curie, Ci | Measured as amount of decay at the same rate as 1 gram of radium 1 Ci = 3.70∙1010 Bq |
Units for Absorbed Dose
| Gray, Gy | 1 Gy deposits 1 Joule of energy per kilogram of matter |
| Rad | 1 rad = 0.01 Gy |
Equivalent Doses
| Sievert, Sv | 1Sv= 100 rem |
| Rem | 1 rem = 1 rad∙Q Q = 1 for X-rays, gamma rays, and beta particles Q = 3 for slow neutrons Q = 10 for protons and fast neutrons Q = 20 for alpha particles |
The most commonly used unit is the "rad," which stands for "radiation absorbed dose," and the "rem," which stands for "radiation equivalent for man." One rad corresponds to the absorption of 0.01 Joules of energy per kilogram of matter. Rem is the rad multiplied by the relative biological effectiveness, which is most often expressed as the variable "Q." The factor Q is used to take into account the different effects caused by different radiation.
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